ICSE ISC Java Programs: Chapter

Fill in the blanks

Question 1

concat() method is used to join two strings.

Question 2

The output of the following statement, when executed:
System.out.println("COMPUTER".charAt(4)); is U

Question 3

The output of the statement, when executed:
System.out.println("Object Oriented".length()); is 15

Question 4

+ operator is used to concatenate two strings.

Question 5

String declaration is terminated by the symbol ;(semicolon).

Question 6

Character literal is enclosed withinsingle quotes (').

Question 7

The return type of the statement equals( ) is boolean.

Question 8

The output of "VIDYALAYA."substring(2,5) will result in DYA

Write down the syntax to perform the following tasks

Question 1

To check whether a character(chr) is in upper case or not.

boolean res = Character.isUpperCase(chr);

Question 2

To compare two Strings(str1, str2) are same or not.

boolean res = str1.equals(str2);

Question 3

To extract the last character of a word(wd) stored in the variable chr.

char chr = wd.charAt(wd.length() - 1);

Question 4

To return the first occurrence of 'a' in the word "applications".

int res = "applications".indexOf('a');

Question 5

To replace the word "old" with the word "new" in a given String st = "old is always old"

String str = st.replace("old", "new");

Question 6

To check if the second character of a String(str) is in upper case.

boolean res = Character.isUpperCase(str.charAt(1));

Predict the output of the following

Question 1

String str = "Computer Applications" + 1 + 0;
System.out.println("Understanding" + str);

Output

UnderstandingComputer Applications10

Explanation

In the first line, + operator concatenates 1 and 0 to the end of "Computer Applications" so strbecomes "Computer Applications10". Next line prints "UnderstandingComputer Applications10" to the console.

Question 2

String n1 = "46", n2 = "64";
int total = Integer.parseInt(n1) + Integer.parseInt(n2);
System.out.println("The sum of " + "46 " + "and" + " 64" + " is " + total);

Output

The sum of 46 and 64 is 110

Explanation

Integer.parseInt() method will convert the strings n1 and n2 to their corresponding numerical integers. So, 46 and 64 are added as numerical values and the result 110 is stored in int variable total.

Question 3

boolean p;
p = ("BLUEJ".length() > "bluej".length()) ? true: false;

Output

false

Explanation

Both "BLUEJ" and "bluej" have the same length 5. So, condition of ternary operator is false and false is assigned to boolean variable p.

Question 4

String str = "Information Technology";
int p;
p = str.indexOf('n');
System.out.println(p);

Output

Explanation

str.indexOf('n') will return the first index of n in str which is 1. So, the output of this program is 1.

Question 5

String str1 = "Information Technology"; 
String str2 = "information technology"; 
boolean p = str1.equalsIgnoreCase(str2); 
System.out.println("The result is " + p);

Output

The result is true

Explanation

str1.equalsIgnoreCase(str2) will do a case insensitive comparison of str1 and str2. As both strings contain the same characters if we ignore the case so it returns true which is stored in boolean variable p.

Question 6

What do the following functions return?
String x = "Vision";
String y = "2020";

(a)

System.out.println(x + y);

Output

Vision2020

Explanation

x and y are concatenated and printed.

(b)

System.out.println(x.length());

Output

Explanation

x.length() will give the number of characters in string x which is 6.

(c)

System.out.println(x.charAt(3));

Output

Explanation

x.charAt(3) will return the character at index 3 of string x which is i.

(d)

System.out.println(x.equals(y));

Output

false

Explanation

x.equals(y) will return false as xand y contains different characters.

Question 7

String S1 = "Computer World";
String S2 = "COMPUTER WORLD";
String S3 = "Computer world";
String S4 = "computer world";
System.out.println(S1 + " equals "+ S2 + " " + S1.equals(S2)); 
System.out.println(S1 + " equals "+ S3 + " " + S1.equals(S3)); 
System.out.println(S1 + " equals "+ S4 + " " + S1.equals(S4)); 
System.out.println(S1 + " equalsIgnoreCase "+ S4 + " " + S1.equalsIgnoreCase(S4));

Output

Computer World equals COMPUTER WORLD false
Computer World equals Computer world false
Computer World equals computer world false
Computer World equalsIgnoreCase computer world true

Explanation

As the strings S1, S2, S3 and S4 differ in the case of the characters soequals() method will return false butequalsIgnoreCase() method will return true.

Question 8

If:
String x = "Computer";
String y = "Applications";

What do the following functions return?

(i) System.out.println(x.substring(1,5));

Output

ompu

Explanation

x.substring(1,5) will return a substring of x starting at index 1 till index 4 (i.e. 5 - 1 = 4).

(ii) System.out.println(x.indexOf(x.charAt(4)));

Output

Explanation

x.charAt(4) returns the character at index 4 of string x which is 'u'. First index of 'u' in x is 4 so output is 4.

(iii) System.out.println(y + x.substring(5));

Output

Applicationster

Explanation

x.substring(5) will return the substring of x starting at index 5 till the end of the string. It is "ter". This is added to the end of string y and printed to the console as output.

(iv) System.out.println(x.equals(y));

Output

false

Explanation

As strings x and y are not equal sox.equals(y) returns false.

Question 9

Give the output of the following:

String n = "Computer Knowledge";
String m = "Computer Applications"; 
System.out.println(n.substring(0,8).concat(m.substring(9))); 
System.out.println(n.endsWith("e"));

Output

ComputerApplications
true

Explanation

n.substring(0,8) returns the substring of n starting at index 0 till 7 (i.e. 8 - 1 = 7) which is "Computer".m.substring(9) returns the substring of m starting at index 9 till the end of the string which is "Applications". concat() method joins "Computer" and "Applications" together to give the output as ComputerApplications.

Question 10

Give the output of the following statements:
String x[] = {"SAMSUNG", "NOKIA", "SONY", "MICROMAX", "BLACKBERRY"};

(i) System.out.println(x[1]);

Output

NOKIA

Explanation

x[1] gives the second element of the array x which is "NOKIA"

(ii) System.out.println(x[3].length());

Output

Explanation

x[3].length() gives the number of characters in the fourth element of the array x.

Question 11

Give the output of the following string functions:

(i) "ACHIEVEMENT".replace('E', 'A')

Output

ACHIAVAMANT

Explanation

All 'E' are replaced with 'A'.

(ii) "DEDICATE".compareTo("DEVOTE")

Output

-18

Explanation

"DEDICATE" and "DEVOTE" differ at the third character with 'D' and 'V', respectively. So, output ofcompareTo() method will be ASCII Code of 'D' - ASCII Code of 'V' ⇒ 68 - 86 ⇒ -18.

Question 12

Consider the following String array and give the output

String arr[]= {"DELHI", "CHENNAI", "MUMBAI", "LUCKNOW", "JAIPUR"}; 
System.out.println(arr[0].length() > arr[3].length()); 
System.out.print(arr[4].substring(0,3));

Output

false
JAI

Explanation

As length of the string "DELHI" is less than that of "LUCKNOW" so first output is false.
arr[4].substring(0,3) will return the substring of "JAIPUR" starting at index 0 till index 2 (i.e. 3 - 1 = 2).

Differentiate between the following

Question 1

equals() and ==

equals()	==
It is a method	It is a relational operator
It is used to check if the contents of two strings are same or not	It is used to check if two variables refer to the same object in memory
Example: String s1 = new String("hello"); String s2 = new String("hello"); boolean res = s1.equals(s2); System.out.println(res); The output of this code snippet is true as contents of s1 and s2 are the same.	Example: String s1 = new String("hello"); String s2 = new String("hello"); boolean res = s1 == s2; System.out.println(res); The output of this code snippet is false as s1 and s2 point to different String objects.

Question 2

compareTo() and equals()

compareTo()	equals()
It compares two strings lexicographically.	It checks if contents of two strings are same or not.
The result is a negative, positive or zero integer value depending on whether the String object precedes, follows or is equal to the String argument	The result is true if the contents are same otherwise it is false.

Question 3

toLowerCase() and toUpperCase()

toLowerCase()	toUpperCase()
Converts all characters of the String object to lower case	Converts all characters of the String object to upper case
Example: String str = "HELLO"; System.out.println(str.toLowerCase()); Output of this code snippet will be hello.	Example: String str = "hello"; System.out.println(str.toUpperCase()); Output of this code snippet will be HELLO.

Question 4

charAt() and substring()

charAt()	substring()
It returns a character from the string at the index specified as its argument	It extracts a part of the string as specified by its arguments and returns the extracted part as a new string.
Its return type is char	Its return type is String
Example: String str = "Hello"; char ch = str.charAt(1); System.out.println(ch); Output of this code snippet is e.	Example: String str = "Hello"; String subStr = str.substring(1); System.out.println(subStr); Output of this code snippet is ello.

Write short answers

Question 1

What is exception? Name two exception handling blocks.

An exception is an event, which occurs during the execution of a program, that disrupts the normal flow of the program's instructions. Two exception handling blocks are try and catch.

Question 2

State the purpose and return data type of the following String functions:

(a) indexOf()

It returns the index within the string of the first occurrence of the specified character or -1 if the character is not present. Its return type is int.

(b) compareTo()

It compares two strings lexicographically. Its return type is int.

Question 3

Write a statement for each to perform the following task on a string:

(i) Extract the second last character of a word stored in the variable wd.

char ch = wd.charAt(wd.length() - 2);

(ii) Check if the second character of a string str is in upper case.

boolean res = Character.isUpperCase(str.charAt(1));

Question 4

Write a statement each to perform the following task on a string:

(i) Find and display the position of the last space in a string s.

System.out.println(s.lastIndexOf(' '));

(ii) Convert a number stored in a string variable x to double data type.

double a = Double.parseDouble(x);

Question 5

How does endsWith() and startsWith() differ? Explain with an example.

endsWith() tests if the string object ends with the string specified as its argument. startsWith() tests if the string object starts with the string specified as its argument. Consider the below example:

public class Example {
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    String str = "ICSE Computer Applications";
    System.out.println("Does " + str + " starts with ICSE? " + str.startsWith("ICSE"));
    System.out.println("Does " + str + " ends with tions? " + str.endsWith("tions"));
  }
}

Here, both str.startsWith("ICSE")and str.endsWith("tions") returns true as str starts with "ICSE" and ends with "tions".

Describe the purpose of the following functions with their syntax

Question 1

toUpperCase()

It converts a string into upper case characters. If any character is already in uppercase or is a special character then it will remain same.

Syntax:

String <variable-name> = <string-variable>.toUpperCase();

Question 2

trim()

It removes all leading and trailing space from the string.
Syntax:

String <variable-name> = <string-variable>.trim();

Question 3

toLowerCase()

It converts a string into lowercase characters. If any character is already in lowercase or is a special character then it will remain same.

Syntax:

String <variable-name> = <string-variable>.toLowerCase();

Question 4

length()

It returns the length of the string i.e. the number of characters present in the string.

Syntax:

int <variable-name> = <string-variable>.length();

Question 5

replace()

It replaces a character with another character or a substring with another substring at all its occurrences in the given string.

Syntax:

String <variable-name> = <string-variable>.replace(<character or substring to replace>, <new character or substring>);

Question 6

compareTo()

It compares two strings lexicographically.

Syntax:

int <variable-name> = <string-variable>.compareTo(<string-variable2>);

Question 7

reverse()

It is a method of StringBuffer class used to reverse the sequence of characters.

Syntax:

<StringBuffer-Variable>.reverse();

Question 8

indexOf()

It returns the index within the string of the first occurrence of the specified character or -1 if the character is not present.

Syntax:

int <variable-name> = <string-variable>.indexOf(<character>);

Question 9

startWith()

It tests if the string object starts with the string specified as its argument.

Syntax:

boolean <variable-name> = <string-variable>.startWith(<string>);

Question 10

equalsIgnoreCase()

It ignores the case of the characters and checks if the contents of two strings are same or not.

Syntax:

boolean <variable-name> = <string-variable>.equalsIgnoreCase(<string>);

Solutions to Unsolved Java Programs

Question 1

Write a program to input a sentence. Find and display the following:
(i) Number of words present in the sentence
(ii) Number of letters present in the sentence
Assume that the sentence has neither include any digit nor a special character.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatWordsNLetters
{
   public static void main(String args[]) {
       Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
       System.out.println("Enter a sentence:");
       String str = in.nextLine();
       
       int wCount = 0, lCount = 0;
       int len = str.length();
       for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
           char ch = str.charAt(i);
           if (ch == ' ')
               wCount++;
           else
               lCount++;
       }
       
       /*
        * Number of words in a sentence are one more than
        * the number of spaces so incrementing wCount by 1
        */
       wCount++;
       
       System.out.println("No. of words = " + wCount);
       System.out.println("No. of letters = " + lCount);
   }
}

Output

Question 2

Write a program in Java to accept a word/a String and display the new string after removing all the vowels present in it.
Sample Input: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Sample Output: CMPTR PPLCTNS

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatVowelRemoval
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Enter a word or sentence:");
        String str = in.nextLine();
        
        int len = str.length();
        String newStr = "";

        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            
            char ch = Character.toUpperCase(str.charAt(i));
            
            if (ch == 'A' ||
            ch == 'E' ||
            ch == 'I' ||
            ch == 'O' ||
            ch == 'U') {
                continue;
            }
            
            newStr = newStr + ch;
        }
        
        System.out.println("String with vowels removed");
        System.out.println(newStr);
    }
}

Output

Question 3

Write a program in Java to accept a name(Containing three words) and Display only the initials (i.e., first letter of each word).
Sample Input: LAL KRISHNA ADVANI
Sample Output: L K A

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatNameInitials
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Enter a name of 3 or more words:");
        String str = in.nextLine();
        int len = str.length();

        System.out.print(str.charAt(0) + " ");
        for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) {
            char ch = str.charAt(i);
            if (ch == ' ') {
                char ch2 = str.charAt(i + 1);
                System.out.print(ch2 + " ");
            }
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 4

Write a program in Java to accept a name containing three words and display the surname first, followed by the first and middle names.
Sample Input: MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI
Sample Output: GANDHI MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatSurnameFirst
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
       Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
       System.out.println("Enter a name of 3 words:");
       String name = in.nextLine();
       
       /*
        * Get the last index
        * of space in the string
        */
       int lastSpaceIdx = name.lastIndexOf(' ');
       
       String surname = name.substring(lastSpaceIdx + 1);
       String initialName = name.substring(0, lastSpaceIdx);
       
       System.out.println(surname + " " + initialName);
    }
}

Output

Question 5

Write a program in Java to enter a String/Sentence and display the longest word and the length of the longest word present in the String.
Sample Input: “TATA FOOTBALL ACADEMY WILL PLAY AGAINST MOHAN BAGAN”
Sample Output: The longest word: FOOTBALL: The length of the word: 8

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatLongestWord
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
       Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
       System.out.println("Enter a word or sentence:");
       String str = in.nextLine();
       
       str += " "; //Add space at end of string
       String word = "", lWord = "";
       int len = str.length();
       
       for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
           char ch = str.charAt(i);
           if (ch == ' ') {
               
                if (word.length() > lWord.length())
                    lWord = word;
                    
                word = "";
           }
           else {
               word += ch;
           }
       }
       
       System.out.println("The longest word: " + lWord +
        ": The length of the word: " + lWord.length());
    }
    
}

Output

Question 6

Write a program in Java to accept a word and display the ASCII code of each character of the word.
Sample Input: BLUEJ
Sample Output:
ASCII of B = 66
ASCII of L = 76
ASCII of U = 85
ASCII of E = 69
ASCII of J = 74

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatASCIICode
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
       Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
       System.out.println("Enter a word:");
       String word = in.nextLine();
       
       int len = word.length();
       
       for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
           char ch = word.charAt(i);
           System.out.println("ASCII of " + ch  
            + " = " + (int)ch);
       }
    }
}

Output

Question 7

Write a program in Java to accept a String in upper case and replace all the vowels present in the String with Asterisk (*) sign.
Sample Input: "TATA STEEL IS IN JAMSHEDPUR"
Sample output: T*T* ST**L *S *N J*MSH*DP*R

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatVowelReplace
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Enter a string in uppercase:");
        String str = in.nextLine();
        String newStr = "";
        int len = str.length();

        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            char ch = str.charAt(i);
            if (ch == 'A' ||
            ch == 'E' ||
            ch == 'I' ||
            ch == 'O' ||
            ch == 'U') {
                newStr = newStr + '*';
            }
            else {
                newStr = newStr + ch;
            }
            
        }
        
        System.out.println(newStr);
    }
}

Output

Question 8

Write a program in Java to enter a sentence. Frame a word by joining all the first characters of each word of the sentence. Display the word.
Sample Input: Vital Information Resource Under Seize
Sample Output: VIRUS

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatFrameWord
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
       Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
       System.out.println("Enter a sentence:");
       String str = in.nextLine();
       String word = "" + str.charAt(0);
       int len = str.length();
       
       for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
           char ch = str.charAt(i);
           if (ch == ' ')
               word += str.charAt(i + 1);
       }
       
       System.out.println(word);
    }
}

Output

Question 9

Write a program in Java to enter a sentence. Display the words which are only palindrome.
Sample Input: MOM AND DAD ARE NOT AT HOME
Sample Output: MOM
DAD

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatPalinWords
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
       Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
       System.out.println("Enter a sentence:");
       String str = in.nextLine();
       str = str + " ";
       String word = "";
       int len = str.length();
       
       for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
           char ch = str.charAt(i);
           if (ch == ' ') {
               int wordLen = word.length();
               boolean isPalin = true;
               for (int j = 0; j < wordLen / 2; j++) {
                   if (word.charAt(j) != word.charAt(wordLen - 1 - j)) {
                       isPalin = false;
                       break;
                   }
               }
               
               if (isPalin)
                    System.out.println(word);
                    
               word = "";
           }
           else {
               word += ch;
           }
       }
    }
}

Output

Question 10

Write a program to accept a sentence. Display the sentence in reversing order of its word.
Sample Input: Computer is Fun
Sample Output: Fun is Computer

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatReverseWords
{
   public static void main(String args[]) {
       Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
       System.out.println("Enter a sentence:");
       String str = in.nextLine();
       str = " " + str;
       String word = "";
       int len = str.length();
       
       for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
           char ch = str.charAt(i);
           if (ch == ' ') {
               System.out.print(word + " ");
               word = "";
           }
           else {
               word = ch + word;
           }
       }
   }
}

Output

Question 11

Write a program to input a sentence and display the word of the sentence that contains maximum number of vowels.
Sample Input: HAPPY NEW YEAR
Sample Output: The word with maximum number of vowels: YEAR

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatMaxVowelWord
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Enter a sentence:");
        String str = in.nextLine();
        
        str = str + " ";
        String word = "", mWord = "";
        int count = 0, maxCount = 0;
        int len = str.length();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            
            char ch = Character.toUpperCase(str.charAt(i));
            
            if (ch == 'A' ||
                ch == 'E' ||
                ch == 'I' ||
                ch == 'O' ||
                ch == 'U') {
                count++; 
            }
            
            if (ch == ' ') {
                if (count > maxCount) {
                    maxCount = count;
                    mWord = word;
                }
                word = "";
                count = 0;
            }
            else {
                word += ch;
            }
        }
        
        System.out.println("The word with maximum number of vowels: "
                            + mWord);
    }
}

Output

Question 12

Consider the sentence as given below:
Blue bottle is in Blue bag lying on Blue carpet
Write a program to assign the given sentence to a string variable. Replace the word Blue with Red at all its occurrence. Display the new string as shown below:
Red bottle is in Red bag lying on Red carpet

public class KboatStringReplace
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        String str = "Blue bottle is in Blue bag lying on Blue carpet";
        str += " ";
        String newStr = "";
        String word = "";
        String target = "Blue";
        String newWord = "Red";
        int len = str.length();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            char ch = str.charAt(i);
            if (ch == ' ') {
                if (target.equals(word)) {
                    newStr = newStr + newWord + " ";
                }
                else {
                    newStr = newStr + word + " ";
                }
                word = "";
            }
            else {
                word += ch;
            }
            
        }
        
        System.out.println(newStr);
    }
}

Output

Question 13

Write a program to accept a word and convert it into lower case, if it is in upper case. Display the new word by replacing only the vowels with the letter following it.
Sample Input: computer
Sample Output: cpmpvtfr

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatVowelReplace
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a word: ");
        String str = in.nextLine();
        str = str.toLowerCase();
        String newStr = "";
        int len = str.length();

        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            char ch = str.charAt(i);

            if (str.charAt(i) == 'a' ||
            str.charAt(i) == 'e' ||
            str.charAt(i) == 'i' ||
            str.charAt(i) == 'o' ||
            str.charAt(i) == 'u') {

                char nextChar = (char)(ch + 1);
                newStr = newStr +  nextChar; 

            }
            else {
                newStr = newStr + ch;
            }
        }

        System.out.println(newStr);
    }
}

Output

Question 14

A string is said to be ‘Unique’ if none of the letters present in the string are repeated. Write a program to accept a string and check whether the string is Unique or not. The program displays a message accordingly.
Sample Input: COMPUTER
Sample Output: Unique String

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatUniqueString
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
        String str = in.nextLine();
        str = str.toUpperCase();
        boolean isUnique = true;
        int len = str.length();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            
            char ch = str.charAt(i);
            
            for (int j = i + 1; j < len; j++) {
                if (ch == str.charAt(j)) {
                    isUnique = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            
            if (!isUnique)
            break;
        }
        
        if (isUnique) 
            System.out.println("Unique String");
        else
            System.out.println("Not Unique String");
    }
}

Output

Question 15

A 'Happy Word' is defined as:

Take a word and calculate the word’s value based on position of the letters in English alphabet. On the basis of word’s value, find the sum of the squares of its digits. Repeat the process with the resultant number until the number equals 1 (one). If the number ends with 1 then the word is called a 'Happy Word'.

Write a program to input a word and check whether it a ‘Happy Word’ or not. The program displays a message accordingly.

Sample Input: VAT
Place value of V = 22, A= 1, T = 20
[Hint: A = 1, B = 2, ----------, Z = 26]

Solution:
22120 ⇒ 2² + 2² + 1² + 2² + 0² = 13
⇒ 1² + 3² = 10
⇒ 1² + 0² = 1

Sample Output: A Happy Word

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatHappyWord
{
    private static boolean isHappyNumber(long num) {
        long sum = 0;
        long n = num;
        do {
            sum = 0;
            while (n != 0) {
                int d = (int)(n % 10);
                sum += d * d;
                n /= 10;
            }
            n = sum;
        } while (sum > 6);
        
        return (sum == 1);
    }
    
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Enter a word: ");
        String word = in.next();
        word = word.toUpperCase();
        String wordValueStr = "";
        int len = word.length();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            wordValueStr += String.valueOf(word.charAt(i) - 64); 
        }
        
        long wordValue = Long.parseLong(wordValueStr);
        boolean isHappy = isHappyNumber(wordValue);
        
        if (isHappy)
            System.out.println("A Happy Word");
        else
            System.out.println("Not a Happy Word");
    }
}

Output

Question 16

Write a program to input a sentence. Count and display the frequency of each letter of the sentence in alphabetical order.
Sample Input: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Sample Output:

Character	Frequency	Character	Frequency
A	2	O	2
C	2	P	3
I	1	R	1
L	2	S	1
M	1	T	2
N	1	U	1

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatLetterFreq
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Enter a sentence:");
        String str = in.nextLine();
        str = str.toUpperCase();
        int freqMap[] = new int[26];
        int len = str.length();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            char ch = str.charAt(i);
            if (Character.isLetter(ch)) {
                int chIdx = ch - 65;
                freqMap[chIdx]++;
            }
        }
        
        System.out.println("Character\tFrequency");
        for (int i = 0; i < freqMap.length; i++) {
            if (freqMap[i] > 0) {
                System.out.println((char)(i + 65) 
                            + "\t\t" + freqMap[i]);
            }
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 17

Write a program to accept a string. Convert the string into upper case letters. Count and output the number of double letter sequences that exist in the string.
Sample Input: "SHE WAS FEEDING THE LITTLE RABBIT WITH AN APPLE"
Sample Output: 4

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatLetterSeq
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter string: ");
        String s = in.nextLine();
        String str = s.toUpperCase();
        int count = 0;
        int len = str.length();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
            if (str.charAt(i) == str.charAt(i + 1))
                count++;
        }
        
        System.out.println("Double Letter Sequence Count = " + count);
        
    }
}

Output

Question 18

Special words are those words which start and end with the same letter.
Example: EXISTENCE, COMIC, WINDOW
Palindrome words are those words which read the same from left to right and vice-versa.
Example: MALYALAM, MADAM, LEVEL, ROTATOR, CIVIC
All palindromes are special words but all special words are not palindromes.

Write a program to accept a word. Check and display whether the word is a palindrome or only a special word or none of them.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatSpecialPalindrome
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a word: ");
        String str = in.next();
        str = str.toUpperCase();
        int len = str.length();
        
        if (str.charAt(0) == str.charAt(len - 1)) {
            boolean isPalin = true;
            for (int i = 1; i < len / 2; i++) {
                if (str.charAt(i) != str.charAt(len - 1 - i)) {
                    isPalin = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            
            if (isPalin) {
                System.out.println("Palindrome");
            }
            else {
                System.out.println("Special");
            }
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("Neither Special nor Palindrome");
        }
        
    }
}

Output

Question 19

Write a program to input a sentence. Convert the sentence into upper case letters. Display the words along with frequency of the words which have at least a pair of consecutive letters.
Sample Input: MODEM IS AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE
Sample Output:
MODEM
DEVICE
Number of words containing consecutive letters: 2

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatStringConsecutive
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter the string: ");
        String str = in.nextLine();
        str = str.toUpperCase();
        str += " ";
        String word = "";
        int count = 0;
        int len = str.length();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if (str.charAt(i) == ' ') {
                int wordLen = word.length();
                for (int j = 0; j < wordLen - 1; j++) {
                    if (word.charAt(j) + 1 == word.charAt(j + 1)) {
                        count++;
                        System.out.println(word);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                
                word = "";
            }
            else {
                word += str.charAt(i);
            }
            
        }
        
        System.out.println("Number of words containing consecutive letters: " + count);
    }
}

Output

Question 20

Write a program to accept a word (say, BLUEJ) and display the pattern:

(a)

B L U E J
B L U E
B L U
B L
B

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatStringPattern
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a word: ");
        String word = in.nextLine();
        int len = word.length();

        for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
                char ch = word.charAt(j);
                System.out.print(ch);
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

Output

(b)

J
E E
U U U
L L L L
B B B B B

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatStringPattern
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a word: ");
        String word = in.nextLine();
        int len = word.length();
        
        for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            for (int j = len - 1; j >= i; j--) {
                char ch = word.charAt(i);
                System.out.print(ch);
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

Output

(c)

B L U E J
L U E J
U E J
E J
J

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatStringPattern
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter a word: ");
        String word = in.nextLine();
        int len = word.length();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            for (int j = i; j < len; j++) {
                char ch = word.charAt(j);
                System.out.print(ch);
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 21

Write a program to display the pattern:

(a)

A B C D E
B C D E
C D E
D E
E

public class KboatStringPattern
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        String word = "ABCDE";
        int len = word.length();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            for (int j = i; j < len; j++) {
                char ch = word.charAt(j);
                System.out.print(ch);
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

Output

(b)

A
B C
D E F
G H I J
K L M N O

public class KboatStringPattern
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        char ch = 'A';
        
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
                System.out.print(ch++);
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

Output

(c)

A B C D E
A B C D A
A B C A B
A B A B C
A A B C D

public class KboatStringPattern
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        String word = "ABCDE";
        int len = word.length();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < len - i; j++) {
                System.out.print(word.charAt(j));
            }
            for (int k = 0; k < i; k++) {
                System.out.print(word.charAt(k));
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 22

Write a program to generate a triangle or an inverted triangle till n terms based upon the User’s choice of the triangle to be displayed.

Example 1:
Input: Type 1 for a triangle and
Type 2 for an inverted triangle
Enter your choice 1
Enter the number of terms 5
Sample Output:

* * * * *
  * * * *
    * * *
      * *
        *

Example 2:
Input: Type 1 for a triangle and
Type 2 for an inverted triangle
Enter your choice 2
Enter the number of terms 5
Sample Output:

A B C D E  
A B C D  
A B C  
A B  
A

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatTriangleChoice
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Type 1 for a triangle and");
        System.out.println("Type 2 for an inverted triangle of alphabets");
        System.out.print("Enter your choice: ");
        int choice = in.nextInt();
        System.out.print("Enter the number of terms: ");
        int n = in.nextInt();
        
        switch (choice) {
            case 1:
                for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
                    for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                        System.out.print(' ');
                    }
                    for (int k = i; k <= n; k++) {
                        System.out.print('*');
                    }
                    System.out.println();
                }
                break;
            
            case 2:
                n += 64;
                for (int i = n; i >= 65; i--) {
                    for (int j = 65; j <= i; j++) {
                        System.out.print((char)j);
                    }
                    System.out.println();
                }
                break;
            
            default:
                System.out.println("Incorrect choice");
                break;
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 23

Write a program to generate a triangle or an inverted triangle based upon User’s choice.

Example 1:
Input: Type 1 for a triangle and
Type 2 for an inverted triangle
Enter your choice 1
Enter a word : BLUEJ
Sample Output:
B
L L
U U U
E E E E
J J J J J

Example 2:
Input: Type 1 for a triangle and
Type 2 for an inverted triangle
Enter your choice 2
Enter a word : BLUEJ
Sample Output:
B L U E J
B L U E
B L U
B L
B

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatTriangleMenu
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Type 1 for a triangle and");
        System.out.println("Type 2 for an inverted triangle");
        System.out.print("Enter your choice: ");
        int choice = in.nextInt();
        in.nextLine();
        System.out.print("Enter a word: ");
        String word = in.nextLine();
        int len = word.length();
        
        switch (choice) {
            case 1:
                for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                    for(int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
                        System.out.print(word.charAt(i));
                    }
                    System.out.println();
                }
                break;
                
            case 2:
                for(int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                    for(int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
                        System.out.print(word.charAt(j));
                    }
                    System.out.println();
                }
                break;
                
            default:
                System.out.println("Incorrect choice");
                break;
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 24

Using the switch statement, write a menu driven program for the following:

(a) To print the Floyd’s triangle:
1
2   3
4   5   6
7   8   9   10
11 12 13 14 15

(b) To display the following pattern:
I
I C
I C S
I C S E

For an incorrect option, an appropriate error message should be displayed.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatPattern
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Type 1 for Floyd's triangle");
        System.out.println("Type 2 for an ICSE pattern");
        
        System.out.print("Enter your choice: ");
        int ch = in.nextInt();
        
        switch (ch) {
            case 1:
            int a = 1;
            for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
                for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
                    System.out.print(a++ + "\t");
                }
                System.out.println();
            }
            break;
            
            case 2:
            String s = "ICSE";
            for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
                    System.out.print(s.charAt(j) + " ");
                }
                System.out.println();
            }
            break;
            
            default:
            System.out.println("Incorrect Choice");
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 25

Write a program in Java to store 10 different country names and their capitals in two different Single Dimensional Arrays (SDA). Display the country names (that starts with a vowel) along with their capitals in the given format.

Country Names          Capital
        xxxx                       xxxx
        xxxx                       xxxx

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatCountryCapital
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        final int SIZE = 10;
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        String countries[] = new String[SIZE];
        String capitals[] = new String[SIZE];
        System.out.println("Enter " + SIZE 
            + " countries and their capitals");
        
        for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
            System.out.print("Enter country name: ");
            countries[i] = in.nextLine();
            System.out.print("Enter its capital: ");
            capitals[i] = in.nextLine();
        }
        
        System.out.println("Country Names\t\tCapital");
        for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
            char ch = Character.toUpperCase(countries[i].charAt(0));
            if (ch == 'A' ||
                ch == 'E' ||
                ch == 'I' ||
                ch == 'O' ||
                ch == 'U') {
                System.out.println(countries[i] + "\t\t" + capitals[i]); 
            }
        }
        
    }
}

Output

Question 26

(a) Write a program in Java to store 20 different names and telephone numbers of your friends in two different Single Dimensional Arrays (SDA). Now arrange all the names in alphabetical order and display all the names along with their respective telephone numbers using selection sort technique.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatTelephoneBook
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        final int SIZE = 20;
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        String names[] = new String[SIZE];
        long telNos[] = new long[SIZE];
        System.out.println("Enter " + SIZE + " names and telephone numbers");
        for (int i = 0;  i < SIZE; i++) {
            System.out.print("Enter Name: ");
            names[i] = in.nextLine();
            System.out.print("Enter telephone number: ");
            telNos[i] = in.nextLong();
            in.nextLine();
        }
        
        //Selection Sort
        for (int i = 0; i < SIZE - 1; i++) {
            int min = i;
            for (int j = i + 1; j < SIZE; j++) {
                if (names[j].compareToIgnoreCase(names[min]) < 0) {
                    min = j;
                }
            }
            String temp = names[min];
            names[min] = names[i];
            names[i] = temp;
            
            long t = telNos[min];
            telNos[min] = telNos[i];
            telNos[i] = t;
        }
        
        System.out.println("Name\tTelephone Number");
        for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
            System.out.println(names[i] + "\t" + telNos[i]);
        }
    }
}

Output

(b) Write a program to accept 10 names in a Single Dimensional Array (SDA). Display the names whose first letter matches with the letter entered by the user.

Sample Input:
Aman Shahi
Akash Gupta
Suman Mishra
and so on ..........

Sample Output:
Enter the alphabet: A
Aman Shahi
Akash Gupta
.....
.....

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatSDANames
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        String names[] = new String[10];
        System.out.println("Enter 10 names");
        
        for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
            names[i] = in.nextLine();
        }
        
        System.out.print("Enter a letter: ");
        char ch = in.next().charAt(0);
        ch = Character.toUpperCase(ch);
        
        for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
            if (Character.toUpperCase(names[i].charAt(0)) == ch) {
                System.out.println(names[i]);
            }
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 27

Write a program to input twenty names in an array. Arrange these names in ascending order of letters, using the bubble sort technique.
Sample Input:
Rohit, Devesh, Indrani, Shivangi, Himanshu, Rishi, Piyush, Deepak, Abhishek, Kunal, .....
Sample Output:
Abhishek, Deepak, Devesh, Himanshu, Indrani, Kunal, Piyush, Rishi, Rohit, Shivangi, .....

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatArrangeNames
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        String names[] = new String[20];
        System.out.println("Enter 20 names:");
        for (int i = 0;  i < names.length; i++) {
            names[i] = in.nextLine();
        }

        //Bubble Sort
        for (int i = 0; i < names.length - 1; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < names.length - 1 - i; j++) {
                if (names[j].compareToIgnoreCase(names[j + 1]) > 0) {
                    String temp = names[j + 1];
                    names[j + 1] = names[j];
                    names[j] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
        
        System.out.println("\nSorted Names");
        for (int i = 0;  i < names.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(names[i]);
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 28

Write a program in Java to input the names of 10 cities in a Single Dimensional Array. Display only those names which begin with a consonant but end with a vowel.
Sample Input: Kolkata, Delhi, Bengaluru, Jamshedpur, Bokaro, .......
Sample Output: Kolkata
Delhi
Bengaluru
Bokaro
....
....

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatCityName
{
    public static boolean isVowel(char ch) {
        
        char letter = Character.toUpperCase(ch);
        
        if (letter == 'A' ||
            letter == 'E' ||
            letter == 'I' ||
            letter == 'O' ||
            letter == 'U')
            return true;
            
        return false;       
    }
    
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        String cities[] = new String[10];
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Enter 10 city names");
        
        for (int i = 0; i < cities.length; i++) {
            cities[i] = in.nextLine();
        }
        
        System.out.println("\nCities starting with consonant & ending with vowel:");
        for (int i = 0; i < cities.length; i++) {
            if (!isVowel(cities[i].charAt(0)) && 
                isVowel(cities[i].charAt(cities[i].length() - 1)))
            System.out.println(cities[i]);
        }
    }

}

Output

Question 29

Write a program in Java to store 10 words in a Single Dimensional Array. Display only those words which are Palindrome.
Sample Input: MADAM, TEACHER, SCHOOL, ABBA, .........
Sample Output: MADAM
ABBA
..........
..........

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatSDAPalindrome
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        String words[] = new String[10];
        System.out.println("Enter 10 words:");

        for (int i = 0;  i < words.length; i++) {
            words[i] = in.nextLine();
        }
        
        System.out.println("\nPalindrome Words:");

        for (int i = 0;  i < words.length; i++) {
            String str = words[i].toUpperCase();
            int strLen = str.length();
            boolean isPalin = true;

            for (int j = 0; j <  strLen / 2; j++) {
                if (str.charAt(j) != str.charAt(strLen - 1 - j)) {
                    isPalin = false;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (isPalin)
                System.out.println(words[i]);
            
        }
    }
}

Output

Question 30

Write a program to accept the names of 10 cities in a single dimensional string array and their STD (Subscribers Trunk Dialling) codes in another single dimension integer array. Search for the name of a city input by the user in the list. If found, display "Search Successful" and print the name of the city along with its STD code, or else display the message "Search unsuccessful, no such city in the list".

import java.util.Scanner;

public class KboatStdCodes
{
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        final int SIZE = 10;
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        String cities[] = new String[SIZE];
        String stdCodes[] = new String[SIZE];
        System.out.println("Enter " + SIZE + 
                 " cities and their STD codes:");
        
        for (int i = 0;  i < SIZE; i++) {
            System.out.print("Enter City Name: ");
            cities[i] = in.nextLine();
            System.out.print("Enter its STD Code: ");
            stdCodes[i] = in.nextLine();
        }
        
        System.out.print("Enter name of city to search: ");
        String city = in.nextLine();
        
        int idx;
        for (idx = 0;  idx < SIZE; idx++) {
            if (city.compareToIgnoreCase(cities[idx]) == 0) {
                break;
            }
        }
        
        if (idx < SIZE) {
            System.out.println("Search Successful");
            System.out.println("City: " + cities[idx]);
            System.out.println("STD Code: " + stdCodes[idx]);
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("Search Unsuccessful");
        }
    }
}

Chapter - 4 APC

Chapter 4

String Handling

Class 10 - APC Understanding Computer Applications with BlueJ

Fill in the blanks

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Write down the syntax to perform the following tasks

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Predict the output of the following

Question 1

Output

Explanation

Question 2

Output

Explanation

Question 3

Output

Explanation

Question 4

Output

Explanation

Question 5

Output

Explanation

Question 6

Output

Explanation

Output

Explanation

Output

Explanation

Output

Explanation

Question 7

Output

Explanation

Question 8

Output

Explanation

Output

Explanation

Output

Explanation

Output

Explanation

Question 9

Output

Explanation

Question 10

Output

Explanation

Output

Explanation

Question 11

Output

Explanation

Output

Explanation

Question 12

Output

Explanation

Differentiate between the following

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Write short answers

Question 1